Bullying Speech

Imagine getting beating up every day at school for no reason, by your classmate or maybe by some senior guy you don’t even know. Or maybe even by an adult. You come home in bruises and cuts and dried up blood. Can you imagine that? Or can you even image getting punch at and getting pick at, calling you names in class and threatening texts every minute whether you are in class or at home and you’re friends wouldn’t help you out because they are too scared of the bully and the bully would followed you home and wouldn’t you feel scared. Can you imagine that? There are people who experience this in their day to day life.When you bullied someone especially for a long time whether it is physical, verbal, social or cyber, it would make the person’s life very miserable and in some very bad cases it might lead to killing themselves because they just can't hand the pressure or the humiliation they face every day. I am going to tell you about bullying and why I think it is bad to bully someone. There are four types of bullying: Physical, Verbal, Cyber and Social. Physical bullying as you know is when the bully punches, kicks, hits or any other types of physical attacks. Then there is verbal bullying.Basically what verbal bullying is, when the bully uses words to hurt or humiliate you. Verbal bullying includes names callings, racist’s comments and insulting. Social bullying is when the bully is spreading rumours, ignoring or even rejecting you. Social bullying is a strange type of bullying because it kind of links with verbal bullying. Finally there is cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is when you are threatened, humiliated, harassed by the bully using the internet. There is no limitation of cyber bullying because there is so many things you could do in the internet to cyber bully.You could get cyber bullied in facebook, bebo, msn etc or in some cases, the bullies can cyber bully you by making a website just for you. Also the thing wi th cyber bullying is that it is a new type of bullying because if you go back 50 years, there wouldn’t be any internet, or any mobile phone, therefore no cyber bullying. Personally I think that physical bullying is the least dangerous type of bullying because when you get physical bullied there will be scars or marks and your parents will know that you have been bullied where as in verbal, yber, social there is no scar or marks and your parents wouldn’t know you have been bullied. Also when you get physical bullied you know your injures will heal where as in verbal, cyber, social you wouldn’t know when it will go away. For example: You won’t know when the bully will stop calling you names etc. Some of you might still argue that some bullying at young age can be good for you because it will make you have to overcome problems and you will develop some social skills and learn that life is unfair.I disagree with this because most of the victim’s wonâ⠂¬â„¢t stand up for themselves and how would you develop social skills if people are rejecting you. Everybody learns that life is unfair not through bullying but from maybe getting blame from things they didn’t do or having to do chores at home every day, or maybe even through your parents always picking on your younger brother and sisters side and not yours. So what do you think of bullying now? Good or Bad? I hope you agree with me.

Addiction Studies Final Study Guide Essay

1. List and describe five (5) of the eleven (11) relapse warnings signs that were discuss in class. 1. Change in Attitude may occur and the recovering person may stop attending meetings or have lack of participation at their meetings. They may engage in addictive thinking (â€Å"stinkin thinking†). 2. Elevated Stress may happen if little things begin to build up over time, especially if they are not handles with healthy coping skills or are all together overlooked or ignored. This can also happen when a recovering person choose to over react to life changes. 3. Reactivation of Denial happens when stressors begin to take root ad get to the recovering person back into feeding their old ways of thinking. They could begin to think they need their substance(s)every once in a while or tell themselves they CAN’T stay sober all the time, or even lie to themselves and let themselves think a little won’t hurt, or one time won’t make a difference etc. (feed into denials). See more: Social process essay 4. Recurrence post-acute withdrawal symptoms might begin to surface again and a recovering person may experiences sleeplessness, increased anxiety, and even memory loss. Depression usually can continue long after abstaining from drugs/alcohol. 5. Behavior Changes such as slight changes in the routine or altering the already established method that had previously been working without real reason for making such changes. 6. Social breakdown is when the recovering person may start to feel uncomfortable around others. They may see or call their sponsor less to prevent anyone from noticing these changes. They may avoid family or friends who may try to intervene or just feel like the are unable to relate to people the same not that they have experienced so much. They may have fears of letting others in or telling too much and this can cause somewhat of social isolation with gives more opportunity for the recovering person to lie to themselves. 7. Loss of Structure is once the recovering person completely abandons the daily routine that they had developed during their early sobriety as ways to keep themselves sober and on the right track. This could also happen is some major event such as losing a job or having to move or loss of an apartment or current living situation. 8. Loss of Judgment is seen when the recovering person has trouble making decisions and has a difficult time managing feelings and emotions. 9. Loss of Control is when the individual makes irrational decisions choices an is unable to interrupt or alter the choices they are making. They may start to cut off people who were once positive persons or would be able to offer help and may think he/she can return to social drinking or minimal rug use recreationally. 10. Loss of Options is seen once the recovering person begins to limit their available options and stops attending meetings with counselor and support system. Addicted person may have feelings of loneliness, frustration, resentment and anger. 11. Relapse is when the individual actually attempts reusing/substituting use. The addict may think this is controlled â€Å"social† or â€Å"short term† alcohol/drug use but ultimately is still a relapse in recovery. Disappointment at the results follows almost immediately and the individual experiences shame and guilt and may even use these feelings as an excuse or reason to continue using if they do not seek out help. 2. Identify six (6) client engagement/counseling techniques discussed in class and discuss how they could potentially increase the client counselor relationship. 1. Establishing the relationship may be one of the initial barriers you may have to overcome. This can be done by having authentic conversations or using a sense of humor to help the client relax. Listening is the counselor’s main focus and primary role though. Listening to a client may be something they are not always use to. Many people probably tell them what they should be doing or how they are doing things wrong; but they might not often get the opportunity to think for themselves. When it is not the drug/alcohol controlling them, it is often others around them. Use the opportunity to ask your client what they think of things and asking them what they want or what is their perspective. Taking the time to invest in your client by considering their response gives them time to discover for themselves what are issues they may have or want to work on. Be careful to remember it is about them, not you. Once the client sees they can trust you they will begin to open up and this p otentially is the very beginning or real change and becoming accountable for their own story (if you listen without being judgmental). 2. Empowerment is felt by the client if the counselor helps find was or the client to take power over their own actions. Helping the client see they are not being forced to do anything, and they can ultimately decide what they want to do creates a feeling of being in control. Sometimes a client may be court ordered and if they don’t want to talk and don’t make them, let them sit there and they may begin to have a conversation out of bored. Letting them know they get to decide to do whatever it is that they want to and they can make the most out of it if you want to. One the client begins to see they are responsible for their own outcomes they become more accountable and more involved in their own recovery. The harder they work for it, the more motivated they will be to keep up with all their hard work because they earned it and it wasn’t given to them. 3. Helping the client discover their vulnerabilities (times they may feel most weak such as when they are hungry, angry, lonely, tired etc) and triggers allows the client to identity a time they may need to have a support plan for. One a problem area is discover the client can begin to make a plan as to what they can do to over time these times which will help them get better results. Each occasion they are prepared for will help them be more successful at overcoming and thus building up their own belief in themselves. 4. Helping the client gain positive support is curial for recovery. Just by investing time in your own client you become a part of this support system. Also helping them find other groups that appeal to them (not every meeting is right for everyone and being understanding when they have negative feed about one group, being sure not to punish their feelings but to encourage searching for another group etc) may give them the added support they need in between sessions and may also help with finding new friends who have similar goals at achieving sobriety is great reinforcement. 5.Helping the client establish goals for themselves help gives short term objectives to not only keep them working the program (even when they’re not in the meeting or in sessions) but keeps their brain focusing on treatment. Helping and encouraging the client to make realistic and achievable goals that they are likely to be successful with is helpful in feeling empowered and builds self-esteem and self-worth along with adds to feelings that sobriety is possible (if you take one step at a time, one day at a time etc). 6. Assisting the client in further development with life skills such as stress or anger management help gives the client alternatives and healthier coping skills. Giving the client the ability to make good decisions by advancing their knowledge and education often increases the likeliness they will make positive decisions. This often acts as a coaching mechanism and teaches the client there are other options and reinforces they have choices are responsible for their actions. 3. Discuss the advantages of the ‘group’ modality of treatment? The advantages of group treatment is they often instill hope by hearing other success stories or even hearing others having similar struggles and knowing that they are not alone is helpful. They help individuals accept themselves for who they are or what life they have and give strength to one another in a group effort. The shared experiences add effectiveness and make the struggles seem more normal or manageable as you see everyone work on similar goals. The group meetings usually offer education and support and because there is no hierarchy or leader and they are self-governing; there are roles of group responsibility. Every person then becomes equally important and serves a purpose. Because most groups are free they are available to anyone and because they are offered just about everyone (including online) they are accessible to everyone regardless of income or having insurance or a vehicle. The group setting promises anonymity which opens the doors to being more honest without fear of reprimand or condemnation. This can help reduce level of shame in knowing there are others who have mad the same mistakes and are working toward resolving them and still have hope. 4. When is individual counseling a preferred modality of treatment? Individual counseling is available and is recommended as another element of therapy and recovery for each individual, but is not necessary or required in order to recover. Individual counseling is often a preferred modality of treatment for those whose demographic (are minorities: teens, women, bi, lesbian, gay, transsexual communities, particular religious groups/extremes etc) can have a profound impact upon the patient’s ability to confront underlying problems (social acceptance, past physical/emotion/sexual abuse, traumatic experiences etc) and establish a solid foundation for recovery. At times courts also offer individual counseling in order to determine if there are underlying issues (such as mental health/ developmental disabilities). Clinicians who work with specialty programs should have training in the issues pertaining specifically to that population and should be trained in different specialty programs that will have sensitivity to those issues that the majority and average clinicians may not have. 5. List five (5) mental health disorders that are commonly associated with addictive disorders? The most common mental health disorders that are commonly associated with addictive disorders are antisocial personality disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenic disorder, and bulimia. 1.Anxiety Disorders (ADHD, generalize anxiety)2.Psychotic Disorders (schizophrenia)3.Mood Disorders (bipolar and major depression)4.Personality Disorders (borderline and antisocial) 6. Give five (5) reasons that persons with mental illnesses might stop taking their medications. There are many reasons why someone might stop taking their prescribed medication, but especially those with mental illnesses seem to struggle with regular medication maintenance for reasons such as simply forgetting to take their medications, the cost of their medications (especially if they have no health insurance or are in poverty), they may even have he distorted perception and the belief that they are cured or may simply miss the â€Å"positive† symptoms (such as the manic phases of bipolar) or sadly, may have gotten misguided advise from others in recovery that medication is not needed. 7. What are the family rules, identified by Claudia Black, that have been associated with families that have been impacted by addiction and the purpose they serve? Don’t talk, don’t trust, don’t feel, are common rules for children in families with addicts. These rules are often not written or verbalized (unspoken), but work almost like understood laws known by the family of those suffering from addiction. They know better than to talk about someone illness in their family, including talking to others within the family about the family problems. Silence is learned as demonstrated by these who serve role models in the family and the children learn to minimize, discount, rationalize, and pretend things are different than how they really are and often don’t learn how to express themselves. The reasons behind learning these unspoken rules serves as a way to hide shame, embarrassment, protection from being blamed for something they didn’t do, and almost serves as a way of loyalty to the family unit. These children often experience many disappointments that results in learning not to count on others or believe promises made anyone. Children are not given a way to express the feelings the stem from this environment and ultimately learn its better not to have feelings to talk about. Sadly, this is often a cycle and often times, these children, end up the addicts of the next generation. 8. List and describe the family ‘roles’ that have been associated with addiction and other high stress family dynamics. Addiction is a disease the effects the entire family, not just the addict themselves. Often times, those within the family take on certain roles if struggling with dysfunction or addiction; some of those role are: The â€Å"star†-who is the addict themselves and is often controlling the entire family, the enabler-who is often the spouse of the addicted person and act dependently with them, the hero-often times is the oldest or older child who tries to help the family by being perfect and over achieves to make up for the lack of others, the scapegoat-often acts as a person to blame for the problems in the family and may often cause trouble to draw attention away the bigger issues of the family, the forgotten child-often is the younger child who doesn’t get the attention that they need because of the bigger issues taking priority, and the cl own can be any person in the family who tries to make light within the stressful times as a way for everyone to cope. 9. Discuss why Harm Reduction as a concept that is somewhat controversial in the treatment /recovery profession. Harm reduction is the concept of no longer attempting to help the individual abstain from chemicals (after years or multiple failed intervention/recovery programs based on the assumption that it is possible to change behaviors over time) but immediately help reduce consequences of their continued substance abuse (until, hopefully, the individual accepts abstinence as a goal) meanwhile reducing the damage being done by their continued use of chemicals. Examples of such models are nicotine replacement therapy, needle exchange programs, and methadone maintenance programs. These programs are considered providing replacements chemicals in a controlled manner so that the individual is less likely to share or reuse dirty needles or engage in criminal behaviors and activities in order to obtain the substances to abuse which ultimately is thought to help reduced the spread of infectious diseases as well as reduce some cost to Medicare/Medicaid and other insurance premiums of users who destroy their health as well as abuse ER/hospitals as a way to get prescription etc. Harm reduction does have some obvious advantages, but likewise also had the potential to be an enabling way for users to continue use. Many 12 step programs teach about the important of consequences serving as motivation for change and believe harm reduction serves as a way to prolong the user’s efforts to get the help they need. Others argue that this serves the community more so than the addict, while helping the addict continue to kill/hurt themselves for the benefit of the community by hoping to decrease (unpreventable/uncontrollable) criminal behaviors. It is argued that addicts will still continue to use dirty needles, get additional drugs, and also participate still in illegal activity and that harm reduction just adds to the addiction.

Media sends unhealthy signals to young women

Media sends unhealthy signals to young women Every girl has seen a woman in the media stick thin, sun kissed, envy of the way she looks â€Å"perfect†. Women that are put on television, a magazine or advertisements is ultimately fake with Photos, makeup and plastic surgery. This is a dangerous perception of beauty which has resulted in a decline in self-acceptance. Many girls any age struggle with their image believing that they are not thin enough, their hair is not long enough, or even they believe that they are ugly. I believe that the social stereotype of beauty should go back to the ass's.Self-acceptance and self-esteem is one of the biggest issues for young women who believe that they are not beautiful. A high percentage Of girls who do not think they are thin enough go to the extreme of anorexia, bulimia or even diet pills at a young age. A mental condition that they will live with for the rest of their lives, the life expectancy for those with this mental illness is ve ry short because of the lack of nutrients. Women that are models will even reluctantly eat, a model at size 4, is considered fat while the average of America is size 14, in the ass's the average size was 1 1.Many young woman will even change their appearance to â€Å"mold† their self to be perfect. Most popular at the moment is the ideal for long hair so girls will buy hair extensions that could cost up to $300. Some girls will buy colored contacts for the desired blue eyes. Almost every young woman who desperately wants to be perfect will spend hours upon hours on their makeup, sadly I am guilty of this before school I will wake up two and a half hours ahead of time to get ready. Others will get fake nails, fake eyelashes, and self-tanners.A girl could completely change the way that they kook and still not be happy with their appearance. In the ass's skinny was not beautiful, a lot of makeup was not beautiful, but what is beautiful? Confidence? Confidence is something I beli eve that every young woman should have it is a very important thing that helps with growing up in to a woman. Models are a very small majority of America that is mass produced in the media of what young woman believe to be what they should look like. Media had had a very large degrading impact on young woman everywhere.

The Effect Of Contingent Music To Premature Infants Essay

The Effect Of Contingent Music To Premature Infants - Essay Example Those with health complications are subjected to painful and stressful medical procedures necessary for survival. Both the complications and the interventions are highly correlated with increased impairment in neurological development (Creasey, Jarvis, Myers, Markowitz, & Kerkering, 1993; Karmel, Gardner, & Magnano, 1991). The long-term neurological implications of premature birth are problematic, but fortunately the brain continues to develop throughout life and some damaged neurological networks can be overcome by nurturing and carefully structured learning opportunities (Benes, 1994). To this point, research with premature infants in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) has primarily focused on medical procedures for survival and on nurturing techniques such as reducing environmental stimuli, non-nutritive sucking, and touch (Dieter & Emory, 1997). During medical treatment, the infant is often physically restrained by equipment. Additionally, treatments and nourishment are often scheduled with regard to health priorities, rather than with regard to the infant's desire for food or attention. The detrimental implications of lack of opportunity to experience normal post-birth cause/effect relationships at this stage of development have recently been lamented (Dieter & Emory, 1997). The infant's sucking ability is a critical behavior for both survival and neurological development. Sucking is the first rhythmic behavior in which the infant engages, and it is theorized to contribute to neurological development by facilitating internally regulated rhythms (Goff, 1985). Time spent in non-nutritive sucking has been observed in third trimester fetuses. Unfortunately, medical and environmental constraints often inhibit non-nutritive sucking... To this point, research with premature infants in the newborn intensive care unit has primarily focused on medical procedures for survival and on nurturing techniques such as reducing environmental stimuli, nonnutritive sucking, and touch. During medical treatment, the infant is often physically restrained by equipment. Additionally, treatments and nourishment are often scheduled with regard to health priorities, rather than with regard to the infant's desire for food or attention. The detrimental implications of the lack of opportunity to experience normal post-birth cause/effect relationships at this stage of development have recently been lamented. The infant's sucking ability is a critical behavior for both survival and neurological development. Sucking is the first rhythmic behavior in which the infant engages, and it is theorized to contribute to neurological development by facilitating internally regulated rhythms. Time spent in non-nutritive sucking has been observed in third -trimester fetuses. Unfortunately, medical and environmental constraints often inhibit non-nutritive sucking opportunities, as very premature infants are undergoing the third trimester of what would have been "fatal" development in the NICU. When non-nutritive sucking opportunities are encouraged in the NICU, development of the premature infant is enhanced. The coordinated suck-swallow-breathe response, which develops in the 34th week of gestation, is a precursor to nutritive sucking ability and nipple feeding.

L2 Journal Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

L2 Journal Article Critique - Essay Example There are discussions of few theories in the Second Language Acquisition (SLA) such as Stephen Krashen’s theory though it had some drawbacks and failed to answer few questions. The 1990’s saw some good theories in relation to SLA such as Michael Long’s interaction hypothesis, Merrill Swain’s output hypothesis and Richard Schimdt’s noticing hypothesis. After this brief discussion, the author then goes on to highlight the differences between mother tongue and second language acquisition. He says that learning of a mother tongue is a natural process and the child has the interest of learning it right from the moment he or she is born. On the other hand, learning a foreign is an artificial process and the child has little motivation towards learning it. After this, comes the problem in learning the second language where factors like age, attitude, background/ atmosphere is taken into consideration. It also discusses the interferences from the mother lan guage such as sound, structure, word order and issues like vocabulary, capitalisation, apostrophes and pronunciation. The author then continues the article by discussing the benefits as to how a mother tongue helps during the learning of a second language. Finally the author concludes the article by saying that the first language or the mother tongues definitely causes interference in the learning of the second language. (Bialystok & Hakuta, 1994) The author has done a very good in depth review of the subject at hand. He has started with a brief discussion about first and second to make the readers understand what it actually means. Later on he also glanced into the history of the evolution of second language. In the later part the author has done a thorough discussion about the differences in the mother tongue and second language and how it can pose a problem in the learning. Since the topic of discussion is â€Å"Role of mother tongue in learning English as the second language†, this part is important

Research Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Design - Assignment Example The rapid rate of change in United States causes a growing concern among government officials, the public and health professionals. I believe these changes are issues of concern and should be well addressed. A research dilemma refers to the â€Å"situation that causes a researcher to feel apprehensive, confused and ill at ease† (Wood and Kerr, 2011). In essence, a research problem is something that bothers a researcher and can only be resolved through research. In a research procedure, the recognition of a research problem is the most fundamental step. It is for this cause that the entire process should be dedicated to this stride. A research problem should be clearly stated. Aldrich and Wedgewood (1970) identify their problem as the identification of changes that affect the health of the youth and children. There is need to understand the forces that affect the health of the youth and children. In reference to Aldrich and Wedgewood (1970), this is essential as it permits the people to â€Å"anticipate the future and lead to a systematic health care program with adequate feedback and adaptability to accommodate the health needs of children and youth†. Such a research problem will help in changing the country’s social structure, economy, and technology. ... g demand for a â€Å"more efficient and extensive system for delivery of medical care†, education and multiple of conflicting voices in resolution of these complex issues are the five forces that have affected the health of children and the youth. In this rapidly changing society, Aldrich and Wedgewood (1970) recons that medical science needs to be advanced to be at par with the changing society and â€Å"advance in systems to enhance and support the practice of medicine†. On the other hand, American society has high expectations that improved health care should be availed to them. Over decades, people had been sensitized on taking responsibility for their health and to say, this public education had great impact on the people. The society anticipates benefiting from the new up-and-coming drugs, complex new equipments and technology and skills and dexterities of surgeons. There has been a growing demand for a more competent and widespread system for delivery of medicina l care to people. Aldrich and Wedgewood (1970) note that this high demand is â€Å"giving rise to the evolution of a system that brings together the complementing skills of various medical and nonmedical professionals and a system that knits together numerous health facilities in each society to make quality medical care more available†. In recognizing the shifting scenery and size of demand for health personnel, different educational institutions have risen to the challenge. However, the institutions have not yet â€Å"provided an effective interrelated program that ensures the supply of the required skills† (Aldrich and Wedgewood, 1970). Bremner (1974) asserts that though there have been suggested measures to improve the health care for the youth and children, â€Å"there is multitude of conflicting voices

Success in Social Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Success in Social Commerce - Essay Example As technology developed, these challenges were being turned into opportunities and over the years to date, there are several changes that have come up due to the changes in technology. Since the major aim is to reach out to the consumers through the social media, the recent years have seen inculcation of online sites such as MySpace, twitter, Facebook and as these have been made accessible through mobile phones (Weintraub & Litwinka, 2013). Defining Success in Social Commerce Success in social commerce includes use of many parameters that shows the changes that have been experienced over the years and the developments that are being experienced. These parameters of success include many issues that comprise a compilation of many components of social commerce. Success also includes use of all the initial objective goals that would make it possible for a strategic success to be realized (Rad, 2011). Clarity can therefore be defined by use of the following very important procedural metho ds; Clarity of ROI Goals Return on investment (ROI) is very important especially when it comes to consideration of the long term strategy of the company engaging in social commerce. One of the factors that will lead to a high success on the ROI realized is the acquisition of new customers. Customers play a very important role in realization of the business prospects. For instance, the current generation specializes in use of Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Therefore concentration on advertisement through these will increase the number of customers and hence a high ROI (Berger & Heath, 2007). For instance, Vente-Pricee Company, a European leading Retail Company created a Facebook referral program that made sure that there is a new acquisition of new customers. The second goal that would increase the returns is the capture of new data points and website referrals. Website referral is the sharing of website information where there is an aim of increasing the customer web by increment of the information shared online. Capture of new data points is also a method that would be used to modernize the information system and help install new technology that works fast enough to the best interests of the customers and the company (Duan & GuWhinston, 2008). The outcomes of website referral and data point capture are diverse. According to Liang and Turban (2011), information shared on micro-blogs act as special media that is used to reach out to many individual blogs hence sharing the information. Loyalty program growth is an issue that should be captured in the objectives and therefore aims at retaining the existing customer base apart from addition of more customers. Online business is an issue of the current generation. For instance, to retain loyalty of Facebook users, Carrefour, a leading retail company in the world invented face shopping mostly for those that use Facebook only. Response to customer sentiments is a method that will be used to listen to the customers an d make sure that all the needed changes are made. This ensures that their demands are met hence making the ROI more by virtue of adding value to the needs of the customers (Kietzmann, Hermkens, McCarthy, & Silvestre, 2011). Implementation of On-Off the Media Strategy This is a strategy that makes sure that there is

Lab#2 concrete mix design and compression tests Lab Report

#2 concrete mix design and compression tests - Lab Report Example Concrete quality control is an essential practice to ensure consistency in both the fresh and hardened concrete. Some of the laboratory methods used for concrete quality control include; slump test, compressive strength test and workability tests. The primary objective for this experimental study was to identify the characteristics exhibited by concrete materials and to familiarize with the commonly used laboratory specimen manufacturing and testing methods. In design and quality control of concrete, the most specified concrete property is strength. This can be attributed to the fact that testing methods available are relatively easy and furthermore; other concrete properties such as resistance to weathering and fire, elastic modulus, and impermeability are directly linked to strength. This means that having the strength data, then the other properties can be deduced. A good concrete mix should take into account the following key attributes: workability, consistency, strength, water cement ratio, durability, density, slump expected, and heat and chemical resistance. The relative proportions of concrete components, either by volume or weight, will closely influence its properties in both fresh and hardened state. The cement-water paste forms the active component in the concrete material, which is dependent on the characteristics of materials used and their relative proportions. The aggregates used must be well graded to minimize air voids in the concrete matrix. Generally, concrete mix designs are currently being over-designed for the fear of production of results that will not meet the minimum strength criteria specified by the engineer concerned. There is therefore need for analysis of concrete compressive strength variance and understanding of the criteria for proper concrete mix designs suitable for various applications. Concrete is a

Economy and Tourism of Cyprus Research Proposal

Economy and Tourism of Cyprus - Research Proposal Example Cyprus as a whole is now an open, free-market, service-based economy with some light manufacturing (TDS, 2008). Since 1st May 2004, Cyprus has accession to the European Union, which is an important milestone in its recent economic development. The Cypriots are the most prosperous people in the Mediterranean region. It has good, educated English-speaking population, good airline connections and an excellent telecommunications. The economic activity in Cyprus had been based on agriculture in the past but in the past two decades there has been a shift towards light manufacturing and services. Today agriculture contributes only 3.2% to the GDP while industry and construction contribute 19.2 percent and the services sector including tourism contribute 77.6% to the GDP employing 72.1% of the labor force (TDS, 2008). Cyprus has very few proven natural resources although the government is trying to explore the possibilities for offshore oil and gas reserves off its southern coast. The GNP growth rates have declined as the Cyprus economy has matured over the years. Public finances have improved considerably and the fiscal deficit which had peaked in 2003 was eliminated by 2007 (TDS, 2008). There was fiscal surplus in 2007 and the public debt declined simultaneously. The Cyprus economy got a further boost when Euro replaced the Cyprus pound as Cyprus’ national currency. This is expected to bring about a higher degree of price stability, lower interest rates, reduction of currency conversion costs and exchange rate risk, and increased competition through greater price transparency. The investment climate in Cyprus is conducive to FDI. There is increased flow of FDI particularly from the EU. Cyprus has good communication system, an educated labor force, good airline connections, and a sound legal system and provides modern infrastructures and tax incentives for business houses. The cost of living in Cyprus is low which

Do violent video games contribute to youth violence Research Paper

Do violent video games contribute to youth violence - Research Paper Example The environment plays a significant role in changing  the character of a person. What person practices severally in his or her life becomes a lifestyle that they have to live with (Cooper and Zimmerman (1). An investigation was conducted to establish a relationship between playing violence video games and the violent behavior among the youths. The study involved 161 children between the age of nine and twelve years, and 354 college scholars (Cheryl 1). The participants were picked randomly to take part in either nonviolent or violent video games. All the participants were involved in another computer game in which they were allowed to decide the punishment to be administered to the player participating in that game. The researchers gathered the details of the participants regarding their previous violence behavior. From the result of the study, it was observed that those who engaged in violent video games exhibited some form of violence behavior. The participants who were involved in any of the violent game chose tougher punishment for their opponent compared to those who played nonviolent games. Therefore, from the analysis of the study the researchers came to the conclusion that violence video games influence the youth to engage in violent behavior. The violent video games influence the characters of the participants. Playing video games engages someone’s mind and becomes biased towards a certain character in the game. The players of violence video games tend to identify with particular characters and assumes same visual standpoint (Cheryl 1). When players identify with violent characters they are likely to develop violent behavior. The players develop feelings of hunger, aggressiveness, short temper and their emotions are easily aroused. Furthermore, the players are rewarded as they move to a higher level and it occurs after subduing the enemies. The habit of rewarding players who have managed to defeat

Augustus foreign policy Essay Example for Free

Augustus foreign policy Essay After the battle of Actium at 31 BC Augustus had the full control over the legions of Rome and there was no one left to oppose him. However, his long absence from Rome made his position subtle and he needed to maintain high public profile within the city in order to restore the republic and strengthen his regime. Thus, in the years between 31 BC and 23 BC the possibility of foreign campaign seemed unreasonable and unnecessary. With the second settlement of 23 BC Augustus was granted maius proconsulare, which literary made him supreme commander of all legions and unlike before the senate and people of Rome forced him in this position. Indeed, the military status of Augustus at 23 BC is the same he had at 31 BC, but the important difference was in the image it created. Now, Caesars heir was more than everything a supervisor of the order and protector of the republic. Having such responsibility he decided to strengthen the existing borders of the Empire before expanding them. Evidence for this is Augustus saying in Res Gestae that he stationed more than 300,000 soldiers in the provinces as a way to protect the Empire against dangers. It is interesting that Augustus reduces the size of the army from almost 50 legions to 28 (Res Gestae 3). This is a clear indication that he did not consider the possibility of a great campaign in the east or north to expand the Empire. This actually is in accordance with his image of Pax Augusta. After the battle of Actium, Caesars heir came to power with the promise of prolonged peace. He even restored one of the forgotten republican traditions the closing of the Gates of Janus Quirinus when Rome was not at war (Res Gestae 13). It is also possible that Augustus felt temptation for a prolonged foreign campaign but he never found the right time to start one. As a mentioned earlier, after 31 BC the Princeps received the responsibility to restore the republic and after 23 BC he had to reorganise the provinces and create a system of defence. The years after 23 BC were marked by private and public calamities: the death of Marcellus and Agrippa was followed by the death of Gaius and Lucius and then a disastrous marriage between Julia and Tiberius. At the same time a serious revolt occurred in Pannonia in AD Â  and in Germany three legions under the command of Varus were wiped out in AD 9(Suetonius 23. And given all this it is not quite true that Augustus felt no temptation for foreign war. Indeed, he commanded the armies directly only in two foreign wars (compared to five civil wars) according to Suetonius 20, but many other wars were led by Romes generals under his auspices (listed in Suetonius 21). Drussus and Tiberius fought the Germans off the the river Elba which had to become the new northern border but this aim vanished after the massacre of Varus legions. Parthia, the big Roman enemy, was still very weak in 20s BC but Augustus never started a war with them. However, he threatened to begin one in order to get back the Roman standards lost by Crassus in 53 BC. Truly, fighting Parthia was expensive and dangerous but leaving the peace to the caprice of the Eastern king was unreasonable. Here Augustus came with the brilliant idea of creating buffer states which would defend the borders of the Empire. The most important of these was Armenia and Augustus often intervened there to strengthen the government as proven by Res Gestae 27. In conclusion, it is difficult whether Augustus did not feel temptation for foreign war or did not have the opportunity to start one. The Empire was so big that there were few territories worth fighting for and with the creation of buffer states there were even fewer. Augustus major responsibility was to build firm and lasting foundations for the commonwealth (Suetonius 28) and that is what he did. But war-lover or not, the Empire under Augustus was bigger than even before and for first time definite border were defined.

Belonging Essay Example for Free

Belonging Essay Belonging, in essence, refers to the notion associated with the connections individuals make with people, groups and places. Conversely, by belonging to a certain group or place others are indirectly excluded from belonging in the process. Belonging is a connection that we all, as humans, instinctively seek out; it forms part of our natural behavior. Through this process of belonging we ultimately conform and grow as a person, the outcome through which is our place in society is established. The Immigrant Chronicle† by Peter Skrzynecki illustrates how difficult finding a sense of belonging can be by raising the issues experienced when attempting to assimilate in a new cultural environment with all the associated physical, personal and social changes. Similarly, Jeffery Smart’s painting â€Å"The New School† and the short film ‘Mr Cheng’ explore how barriers can hinder our sense of acceptance and belonging. Though it is an innate need to belong it is not always achieved. This idea is accentuated throughout â€Å"In the Folk Museum† as the composer struggles to relate to a history and culture which is not his own. The visit highlights his inner conflict of not knowing where he belongs. He does not feel like a ‘true’ Australian who may look at such ‘relics’ and see cultural significance to them and understand their historical value. Rather he views them in a detached sense â€Å"To remind of a past/ Which isn’t mine†. The poet uses a faceless caretaker as a representative of Australia’s past. She sits next to a â€Å"winnowing machine† an agricultural machine that separates grain from chaff, creating a metaphor for separating the ‘true’ Australians from new migrants. The poet illustrates the caretaker as dull and uninviting, matching her hair colour with the grey clay bottle that is in the museum; causing them to appear be made from the same entity adding to the composers discomfort and estrangement. The composer emphasises his lack of belonging by describing the colour of the museum as well as its â€Å"cold as water† touch showing the disconnection and isolation the composer experiences. The poem reinforces this idea, when the composer is asked to sign the visitor’s books emphasising that he is only a viewer of the Australian history rather than a part of it. Likewise â€Å"St Patrick’s College† also portrays the need to belong; however, it reveals that belonging does not always come naturally despite his mothers attempt to find a way to connect through uniform and the schools reputation. The poet explores this attempt to belong in the third stanza by the stress of â€Å"eight years† passing by and yet he is still â€Å"Like a foreign tourist, Uncertain of my destination, Every time I got off. † The poet reinforces this idea again by the repetition of time in the start of the fourth stanza, establishing that no matter how long, he is still not able to belong. Despite the use of uniform, it is evident that it is only a facade, used in order to create an illusion of belonging. It is not the uniform that binds students together, but rather a unique connection shared with individuals and place. (Link to question here and back to thesis). Jeffery Smart’s painting â€Å"The New School† establishes that although belonging is an innate need, it is not always achieved. Smart is described as a social commentator, a witness to the alienated city dweller or worker in a dehumanized landscape. Elements of his paintings are taken from real places but they are modified and generalised. The effect is that he creates universal scenes which could be renderings of any large modern city rather than being anchored in Australia or Europe. The concept of isolation is shown through the individual’s body language and placement of the hands as well as positioning in the painting. She is distant from the other students, as well as the school, showing she does not fit, emphasising her disconnection and lack of belonging. Jeffery Smart also creates a negative feel through the dark colour of the sky and the sadness the girl displays through her facial expression, showing the difficultly to belong and how the individual feels isolation as she has no connection with these people place or groups. Similarly â€Å"In the Folk Museum†, the composer feels alienated not being able to relate to the Australian culture and history. The poem initiates feelings of isolation and disconnection as the poet questions himself and his place in society as he does not experience a link with the history viewed. Both â€Å"St Patrick’s college† and â€Å"The New School† relate to a place and a lack of belonging. Smart furthermore highlights the struggle to belong by the vectors in his painting. This is shown by the lines of the basketball court, fading as they progressively near the individual, emphasising the student’s estrangement from the school. In the same way Mr Cheng experiences a lack of belonging through the vectors employed by the director, as images of his family appear however they fade emphasising his uncertainty of where he belongs. The director revisits the idea of isolation, illustrated through the severed family connections that Mr Cheng has suffered. Mr Cheng’s alienation is echoed throughout the piece as the director emphasises his exclusion throughout the film through Mr Cheng’s portrayal as being secluded from society. This struggle is shown by the projections of his memories on a brick wall throughout the film, creating a metaphor, representing the wall as a barrier, showing that although he possesses these memories he is blocked from accessing his true identity. Peter Skrzynecki’s, ‘The Immigrant Chronicle’, allows one to see the difficulties the poet, as a second generation migrant; experiences, this being, the dichotomy of belonging to a culture which is not his own and the feeling of estrangement from his parents’ culture. This concept is also shown through Jeffery Smart’s painting ‘The New School’ as the individual struggles similar to that of Mr Cheng to relate to an environment which is unfamiliar.

Online Education And Traditional Education Education Essay

Online Education And Traditional Education Education Essay Thousands of people turned to online teaching them to complete their education to rise to the high level in their jobs and them to take qualifying courses or improve their level of education .It has influence in our society such as helped a lot of people who can not come to the seat of education, and it has its pros such as gives us with an chance to develop technology skills for teachers and students, and cons such as It is known that online education is not for all people, not for the uncontrolled educated or inflexible instructors , and there is a difference between online education and traditional education, and it has types. It is highly important to say that learning is no longer confined within the four walls of a classroom. The instructor, armed with a textbook, is no longer the sole source of educational experience. It is also known that Information resources are everywhere, often separated from the learner by time and space. Online Education defines the process of connecting learners with these remote resources. No one can deny that Learning is a lifelong pursuit where training and retraining become strategies for both individual and corporate success. It is noted that there are a variety of Online Education solutions for every educational need. It is thought that some people agree that Online Education has come a long way and opened new vistas in the field of education, some researchers are still questioning the value of learning through non traditional means. Whatever is the case, there are various opinions to consider and they are all true in their own right. This search for the purpose of to show people different between online education and traditional education .Many people prefer traditional education than online education. Introduction Online Education can be defined as a media based, remote, or asynchronous and supported by some instructional systems, it vans also be defined as it is a formalized teaching and learning system dedicated Because it can learn through electronic media and the Internet, and online education low cost and do not require specific places for education. It is noted that Online Education offers more opportunities Cases where it is difficult to traditional education of students with difficulty scheduling or distances as well as distance education can be easier and more flexible in terms of time and place There are three popular Online Education technologies include: is Voice-centered technology, such as CD or MP3 recordings, is Video technology, such as instructional videos, DVDs, and interactive videoconferencing, and Computer-centered technology delivered over the Internet or corporate intranet. Many surveys, studies and researched highlight the fact that Online Education Can be online education such as traditional education to provide appropriate ways for teaching assignments, and no interaction between student and teacher, and can be for students and teachers formulation their opinions in a timely manner. No one can deny that this type of education has merits and demerits, in our research, we will focus on that fact, we will do our best to discuss it I a manner that helps us to develop the Saudi educational system and upgrade its output. One of the most important benefits of Online Education is that beneficial for gifted and slower Students for many reasons such as : one hand, Provides advanced education and good for all ages, especially for students who have been deprived of the school environment . On the other hand, it provides students with individualized Online Education classes allow interactive. Stimulate and support and boost the morale of students that will enable them to progress in our time. Help develop and expand the horizons of children from gifted students through improved curricula. On the other hand, one can not deny that online education works to save money, and one of its advantages. While in traditional education to provide a budget for many requirements such as housing and gas, and other needs of students both in online education do not need them, with the students ability to full education at But, we can conclude that Become rare to use and transport, and they only need a computer and a quiet place suitable for the study, and there are a lot of students dream to go to the headquarters of the study. In our research we will identify the importance of online education and the pros and cons, and its effects on society and types. Figure 1.1 Online Education. Discussion First of all, we a student group would like to say that our research report will be forwarded to all people who want to complete their education, but they still have some problems in time or anything, also for student in higher education or secondary student in some country. Due to the developments in Information Technology and the industrial revolution as well, it is agreed that there are many new ways and modes of transfer and accommodate materials for students .Which make education floppy in nature ,and also not strictly obliged by time and place . Some studies mentioned the fact that: there is information already collected by the researchers and findings reached can be extrapolated across all the universities imparting education in Saudi Arabia. On the other hand, the applicability of certain previous studies in gathering data and then inferring concrete results may not be quite fully applicable to Saudi Arabia, Taking in to consideration that any comprehensive On-line Education solution will often be a combination of technology options, creating a set of learning tools that meet the needs of both the instructor and the learner. It is worthy mentioned to say that Distance education is divided in terms of transportation into two types: Direct contact and indirect contact .It Is allows the possibility of combining start work life and study at the same time, its to reduce cost and its use the technical means and advanced technologies, such as the printed word , or recorded on cassette tape , or recorded on videotape or on CD and make the links between teacher and student and the delivery of material to the last . Online education not relies on the actual attendance but in traditional education you must attend every day for the study. Online education is reducing the administrative burden for the teacher .its a good way to teach some people because it has multiple ways . It is of paramount importance to mention the advantages and disadvantages of On-line Education in order to utilized the advantages and avoid disadvantage in the soon future to develop the Saudi educational systems a whole: First let us talk about the advantages: These advantages of online education include the following: Firstly, Gives us with an chance to develop technology skills for teachers and students . Secondly, It also gives us access to World Resources And experts through Internet connection and Internet resources. Thirdly, It states for an increase in access to education for those who otherwise have no other chances because of the labor , family or financial constraints. in addition, It give us for a modality of instruction best appropriate for certain students . Fourthly It states greater elasticity to schedule education students can select the time and Location of class time. Fifthly, It also gives greater elasticity in location for study . Sixthly, learners can participate course at house or labor or on campus or at library. Seventhly, bearing in mind that it is student Centered -DE places responsibility for learning with the student who should be more active and self directed. Eighthly, It facilitates greater learner instructor interaction, it also increased interaction with classmates. Ninthly ,Facilitates Pedagogic Development-Individual Instructor Development, Produces a carryover effect into the regular classroom of improved pedagogic techniques, and it allows for the internationalization of learning opportunities. Finally, it has the ability to equalize get to education. . Second, we will talk about the disadvantages to be avoided in order to reach our own target to develop and upgrade the Saudi educational system: These disadvantages of online education include the following, firstly, It is known that online education is not for all people, not for the uncontrolled educated or inflexible instructors. Secondly ,It provides us with sentiments of solitude from time to time . Thirdly, Is likely to be less group uphold for educated resulting to isolation and potential non-completion of the program .Fourthly, It requires a great voltage to establish and maintain the technological infrastructure .fifthly, It also requires considerable effort and cost to develop suitable materials.sixthly, It is noted that education design for group activities and group interaction more require on the teacher . Seventhly , it is also noted that learner should be more proactive and self-directed in online education environment. Eighthly, It depends on individual motivation and initiative .Online Education takes gap time between learner participation and feedback time interval between need for student support and decisi on .ninthly, It also needs occasional internet provider downtime and Finally, we can say that one of the big disadvantages of Online Education is time and frustrations participate learning how to access online for beginner. There are four types of Online Education but it is highly important to understand the difference between different types of Online Education when choosing the right course for you, you can choose the one that best suits your learning style and personal circumstances. Distance Learning: It has a lot in common with the original correspondence .Students can study in anytime, and at any place of their choice , and without face-to-face with a teacher. Self Study: It can be defined as a minimalist form of distance learning. , and considers a good method of education so that the person learns and understands himself. Enables person to take responsibility in the planning and implementation. E-Learning: e-learning gave to people many opportunities to learn through the Internet and to benefit Blended learning: It can be defined as a combination of Online Education and traditional classroom teaching. . Figure 2.2 Self Study . Conclusion Our research is focused onà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  Online educationà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  , therefore, It is of paramount importance to mention the pros and cons of Online Education in order to utilized the advantages and avoid disadvantage in the soon future to develop the Saudi educational systems a whole. It is agreed upon the fact that Online Education Presents more opportunities in situations where traditional education has difficulty running. Students with scheduling or distance problems can benefit, as can employees, because distance education can be more flexible in terms of time and can be delivered almost anywhere and anytime. Online Education is the provision of academic courses and entire degree programs when instructor and students are geographically separated. Many surveys, studies and research highlight the fact that Online Education be as effective as the traditional format when the methods are appropriate to the teaching assign , there is interaction between student and teacher, and the teachers supply students with the appropriate and timely feedback. Online Education it has different types . It is highly important to understand the difference between this types when choosing the right course for you, you can choose the one that best suits your learning style and personal circumstances Finally, the success of the On-line Education depends basically on the environments surrounding us, many nation has succeed to follow this system as they apply it as appropriate, while others failed to do this but this is an important type of education to be observed and followed.

Information Technology Essay -- Telecommunication

Background Chapter Developments in computer and information technologies have created spaces wherein peoples across the world regardless of time and physical place can interact anytime and anywhere, thus, reshaping human interaction in the contemporary period (Whitworth, Banuls, Sylla & Mahinda , 2008). Recognising the integral significance of the development, it has been observed that in the last two decades, almost fifty percent of new capital investments of organisations are invested in information technology (Westland & Clark, 2000) and, as such, the computer and information technology is deemed as critical in the survival of businesses in the global market economy (Whitworth et al., 2008). In the same manner, keeping up with developments in information technology is also the concern of countries around the globe, not only because it is the platform that defines the contemporary the condition of the global society, but also because it is a competitive advantage that drives economic growth and development in the country (Dunning, 1992). In this regard, even the oil rich country, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), has encouraged telecommunications investments as part of the diversification economic program of the country (CIA Fact Book, 2011). In fact, due to continued expansion of domestic economy and increase in population, the telecommunication sector of Saudi Arabia has pegged the interests of both the foreign investors and local capitalists (World Report on Investments, 2010). The Telecommunications Industry Among the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC), Saudi Arabia has the largest telecommunication market (Al-Shaikh, Malick & Chahine, 2009). The growth of Saudi Arabia’s telecommunication industry is attributed to the ... ...13 billion. Mobily launched its services in May 2005, ending the year with 2.3 million subscribers, constituting 16% of the Saudi mobile market. By the end of 2008, we estimate that the company reached a 38% mar ¬ket share, with 13.02 million active subscribers. The company was the first to introduce Blackberry services and the iPhone in Saudi Arabia. It was also the first mobile Saudi operator to introduce value-added services such as MMS(picture messaging), location-based services (LBS), international roaming for prepaid subscribers, GPRS/GPRSEDGEroaming, and other services (Que et al., 2009). Mobily was the first Saudi wireless operator to launch in-flight calls abroad, through Aero Mobile, a specialized aviation mobile operator. It also initiated the first video mail service in KSA and pioneered the launch of 3.5G services in KSAin June 2006 (Que et al., 2009).

Television Advertisement Essay -- Communication, Media

Television can be used to demonstrate the product in action, or to use colour and sound to build an atmosphere around the product, thus enhancing its image (Fahy & Jobber, 2006). The emphasis for this thesis will be television advertisements, because of the many elements of television, sound, colour, sight and motion that aid the presentation of the message. Also the fact that Brassington and Pettitt (2000) argue that television is better for creating an advertisement message with emotional appeals, contributes to our concentration to television advertisements. The degree of television advertisement standardization/adaptation at the international level refers mainly to the manipulation by the manager of the promotional mix elements (Bradley & Sousa, 2005). Supporters of standardization say a trend is sweeping both marketing and advertising – the movement to create products that are manufactured, packaged and promoted the same way around the world, regardless of individual cult ures (Mueller, 1989). According to Bradley & Sousa (2005) higher degree of adaptation is encouraged when the manager perceives great differences, in the economic environment and life styles between the home and foreign country. On the one hand, those who support the global standardization approach argue that a single television advertisement should be used in international markets to reduce total costs and promote a global corporate image. On the other hand, those who support the internationalization school of thought see the need for marketing adaptation to fit the unique dimensions of each local market. (Vrontis, 2003). Countries differ widely in the availability, quality, coverage, audience, and cost of advertising media (Root, 1994). According to Laroche ... ... Paek (2007) observed that domestic brands were more likely than multinational brands to use localized Latin music and lyrics in the Dominican Republic. Visual elements Colour is an essential part of products, logos and advertising, and can be an effective means of creating and sustaining brand and corporate images in customers’ minds. Colours are known to possess emotional and psychological properties. The meanings associated with different colours are important to marketers when developing advertisements, because results have demonstrated that people of different cultures have various preferences for colour. It is important for marketers to understand which colours that people prefer. Consequently, managers must acknowledge that the meanings associated with some colours may be pan-cultural, regional, or unique to a given culture. (Hewett, Madden & Roth, 1999)

A Tale Of Two Cities :: Free Essay Writer

A Tale Of Two Cities: I prefer the chapters set in France On reading ‘A Tale Of Two Cities’, my general impression is that the French chapters are a lot more interesting to read. I prefer the chapters set in France because they are much more exciting and I am carried away by the novel whereas I found, that in the English chapters, they were all about Lucie and her undying love for her father and husband. This was, quite frankly, tedious and a waste of Dickens’ effort to put some sentiment into these chapters which are set in London, a long way from the action in Paris. However, Dickens does need to put some sentiment into his book(perhaps he showed a little too much)to give reasons for the characters’ actions. I much prefer Dickens when he manages to move you by the sad death of somebody such as Nancy in ‘Oliver Twist’ or indeed Sydney Carton in ‘A Tale of Two Cities.’ This particular sentence illustrates my point very well. â€Å"It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.† I felt much sadder when I read these words than Dickens’ paragraphs about angels. I think nowadays people are more inclined to pass over those sentiments and read on because, to us, they sound ridiculous and the symbolic nature of these words is lost. â€Å"Thus, the rustling of an Angel’s wings got blended with the other echoes, and they were not wholly of this earth, but had them in that breath of Heaven. Sighs of the winds that blew over the little garden tomb were mingled with them also, and both were audible to Lucie.† When the chapters set in France are read, they make me feel as though I am with the characters, in the midst of the revolution, thinking their thoughts, walking through the streets of Paris with them. I see the same people, who scare you with their dancing and howls. One such example is The Carmagnole, the Revolutionaries who dance through the streets wailing and screaming, thirsty for the blood of the aristocrats. â€Å"They danced to the popular Revolution song, keeping a ferocious time that was like the gnashing of teeth in unison. Men and women danced together, women danced together, men danced together, as hazard brought them together.

The Cash Flow Statement

The Cash Flow Statement * A Cash flow statement is a financial report that shows the sources of a firm’s cash and its uses of cash. In other words, it answers the questions, â€Å"where did the cash come from? † and â€Å"where did the cash go? † Measuring Firm’s Cash Flow You can explain the cash inflows and outflows of a business by looking at three cash flow activities. * Cash flow activities: 1.Generating cash flows from day-to-day business operations It is the informative to know how much cash is being generated in the normal course of operating a business on a daily basis, beginning with purchasing inventory on credit, selling on credit, paying for the inventory, and finally collecting on the sales made on credit. 2. Buying or selling fixed assets. When a company buys (or sell) fixed assets, such as equipment and buildings, cash outflows (or inflow) result. These cash flows are not part of the regular day-to-day operations and, consequently, are not included in the income statement.They appear only as changes from one balance sheet to the next. 3. Financing the business. Cash inflows and outflows occur when the company borrows or repays debt; when it distributes money to the owners, such as when dividends are paid; or when the owners put money into the business in the form of additional equity. Profits versus cash flows * Entrepreneurs need to be aware that profits shown on a company’s income statement are not the same as its cash flows. * An income statement is not a measure of cash flows because it is calculated on an accrual basis rather than a cash basis.This is an important point to understand in section. * In Accrual-basis accounting, profits are recorded when earned- whether or not the profits have been received in cash- and expenses are recorded when they are incurred- even if money has not actually been paid out. * In Cash-basis accounting, profits are reported when cash is received and expenses are recorded whe n they are paid. * There are several reasons, including the following, that profits based on an accrual accounting system will differ from the firm’s cash flows; 1. Sales reported on an income statement include both cash sales and credits sales.So the total sales do not correspond to the actual cash collected. 2. Cash spent for inventory doesn’t represent all inventory purchases since some inventory is financed by credit. 3. The depreciation expense shown in the income statement is a noncash expense. It reflects the costs associated with using an asset that benefits the firm’s operations over a period of several years, such as a piece of equipment used over five years. What every small business owner should ask and understand is, â€Å"How do you compute your firm’s cash flow? †

E-governance and E-democracy in South Korea: Civil Participation Essay

What everyone is hailing as a new phenomenon is the coming to the fore of e-government and e-democracy. The phenomenon is new and had been around only for ten years. It started at around the beginning of the 1990s following in the wake of the advent of the Internet (UOC 2002). There had been various technology advances that came into existence that had shown good result in the private sector by enabling the availability of numerous services and information online. The members of the private sectors had exploited these new introductions effectively by putting them to good use. Some concerned citizens had been asking why the various governments are not doing what the private sector had been doing for some time now. Governments also in their quest to be efficient in what they are doing had been examining these new technologies from a while back where there had been effort to implement them effectively in what the various governments are doing. Currently, both the citizens and the various governments are working to harness these new technologies in order to put them to a constructive use. However, it is not easy as there is cost involved, as well as it would take time for all introductions to be effective simply because there is a lot of work involved. In addition, there is effort to create some kind of a balance between the demand-pull and the supply-pull that this paper will discuss further so that the whole undertaking will be productive. The whole idea of e-government and e-democracy rotates around the government policy making process, the kind of citizen participation that is prevalent, and the kind of public work conducted through the existing interaction. The advent of the Internet at around the year 1991 had altered the interaction, whereby the traditional way of carrying governmental duties had evolved eventually to uphold what is stated in the participatory theory. What used to be the norm was the citizens would elect their representatives and pay their taxes. Those elected representatives will form the various governmental bodies that will come up with policies and allocate the available resources based on what the priority is. That includes the up-keeping of existing programs, where the requirement is to conduct the measures taken according to what the law requires. The outcome of such a governing method had always created a barrier making it difficult for the political leaders to know what kind of change in the need as well as priority of the citizen had been introduced simply because there was a lack of citizen participation. There was also a lack of mechanism through which the government could find out what the citizens need or what their stand is as far as certain aspects of implementing measures were concerned. This was due to the lack of mechanism through which citizens can input what they want to communicate to those they have elected them into the various offices. Since the introduction of the Internet, this process had been changing for the better. Starting from the connectivity that is made simple and available in a large scale, the coming into existence of various software, as well as new technologies had enhanced the whole deal, where it was increasingly becoming possible to meet the challenges of delivering a very effective public service by allowing the citizens to participate more often. Concepts such as e-government and e-democracy were the byproducts of such developments and eventually they had become complex concepts that require in depth studying and analysis in order to apply them properly and effectively. Harnessing them properly would result in such a way that there will be a top-down and a bottom-up interaction among those who are involved, mainly the citizens and those in charge of governmental policies. This paper will analyze and discuss where this whole concept started off, what is the perception, and implication of e-government and e-democracy are as well the participation level of the citizens. In addition the study covers, what the new technological introductions had ushered in and what kind of interaction is prevalent or had come into existence among the various governmental bodies and the citizens who are the stakeholders and are the ones who put in office representatives who in their turn are emulating to serve them effectively. The whole idea of e-government and e-democracy focuses at the government policy making process, the kind of citizen participation that is prevalent in the process, and the kind of public work conducted through the existing interaction. The particular interaction had gone through a transformation since the advent of the Internet at around the year 1991, whereby the traditional way of carrying out governmental duties had evolved eventually. What this had resulted into is citizens are gradually becoming participants in the decision making process that will affect their day to day living, as well as how they will be benefited from what is due to given members of society who are the tax payers. The interaction also involves businesses where the G2B participation takes place and the outcome had been observed to be information technology is empowering everyone involved in the process of running an effective society enabling each participant to play their part more effectively where doing things democratically is becoming more and more possible. In light of this, the essay will try to shed light on the new phenomenon that found its way into the working process of what governments, businesses, and citizens are doing and have become to be perceived as e-government and e-democracy. The method used is qualitative research simply because the analysis focuses on the effect of the advent of new electronic mediums on what governments are doing, as far as their decision making process is concerned. There had always been a certain amount of citizen involvement in the government decision making process that highlights the existing C2G relationship. It was possible to augment the earlier level of involvement because of the arrival of electronic mediums such as the Internet that had made any kind of interaction between various groups easily manageable while making the participation theory more of a reality. Hence, this particular qualitative research is exploring the phenomenon that is created by the introduction of the new electronic mediums into what the various governments are doing and study what kind of effect it already has on the decision making process the various governmental bodies when they start involving the citizens more and the benefits brought to the fore. The other area is it had been made possible to use these new mediums to avail governmental services to the citizens and its effect had been analyzed based on its effect on how the various governments are carrying out their duties, while at the same time what the outcome had been so far. Furthermore, the research includes why such an interaction is important in order to enhance what the government is doing, by enabling it to render an effective service without incurring high cost, as well as what the benefit to the citizens will be when their participation level is enhanced. This would mean the process of using and allocating resources would be more manageable among other achievements such as convenience of doing business and being cost effective. The qualitative research also studies how the whole process is affecting the citizens who are becoming more informed and what that would mean for the present time and the future. Hence, the qualitative research method used is more or less a â€Å"case study† of the interaction of the various governments and the citizens at the various levels that they are serving them and regarding how the introduction of the new electronic mediums such as the Internet is affecting it. There is still a dispute as to what exactly e-government means. There are sources such as E-government Policy Network of the Privy Office (PCO) that claims since the issue of e-government is complex it will be misleading to come up with a single definition. According to PCO, the best way out is to come up with a starting point that will lead to more dialogue that will eventually lead to a common perception of what e-government or e-governance would mean (PCO). Opponents of such outlooks are against such stance simply because they claim that it will add to the ambiguity and will make it difficult to hold governments accountable to what they are doing. Various agencies have various perception about information and communication technologies (ICTs) and according to the paper Kim presented major governmental agencies have their own take of e-government that is useful to examine simply because it is these kinds of governmental bodies that have the need to interact with the citizens that they are serving by raising their participation level, so that they would have a clear understanding of the public’s stand and outlook about the work they are doing (Kim). It is possible to do several things at the same time, where these governmental establishments could start finding a way of letting the citizens participate in the decision making process of what they are doing. They could also avail most of their services online that will result in introducing efficiency in what they are doing. Last but not least they could educate the public by availing easily accessible information online, which would enable them to interact with well informed citizens whose input would be more valuable. The EUC is one good example and had defined ITC as a powerful tool for applying good governance that harbors openness, active citizen participation, the acceptability of those involved, a focus in the effectiveness and coherence of whatever is going to be introduced. The OECD had defined e-government as the applying of ICT such as the Internet to achieve a better government that will introduce better policy results, enhanced service, a greater level of involving the citizens in what is taking place. The World Bank had defined e-government as the best way of harnessing Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile services that are proven to transform the interaction and participation between citizens, businesses, and the various forms of governments at various levels. Establishments such as the UN had zeroed in on the fact that what e-government ushers in is not different from what e-commerce had ushered in such a way that it would primary be Internet-driven where citizens could have an unobstructed government information, services, and the ability to participate in various decision making process, simply because it is not going to be difficult to muster such an undertaking. The UN also had its own definition where it emphasizes on the unwavering commitment governments should have in improving the interaction and participation of private citizens and the public sector, which would result in being cost effective and the information delivered and the working arrangement will end up being very effective, while at the time it will be possible to disseminate knowledge at a very high level. The outcome if applied in its entirety would mean it is possible to involve citizens in as many as possible decision making processes. Since that is not applicable in a large scale currently, it is difficult to assess or foretell what the outcome will be. Another key input of e-governance could be it can create a platform where various polarized groups can come together and consult on what will be best for everyone without introducing difficulty that will discourage the participants, where either they could find their effort futile or it will be difficult, time consuming, or costly everyone would want to avoid it. It is possible to attest that such capability is possible from what is happening now where citizens had been undertaking a wide range of interaction, not only with the various governmental bodies, but also with other non-governmental agencies that avail various services online. Some of the outcomes had been the result of the variety of technologies that are becoming available for use, as well as the kind of speed that had been made available to manipulate data and disperse them around for those who have important use for them. A good example to cite might be the various networks that are mushrooming on the Internet that can facilitate the flow of knowledge, ideas, and most of all information where the earlier prevalent monopolies of knowledge and information had been obliterated. Individuals could start a dialogue about any subject matter in various forms and attain a deep understanding of issues at hand, to the point where they can always make the required preparation before making important decisions. It is not only that they could also ask informed questions. What this would mean is it is possible for them to ask more service or information from the governments, while at the same time when governments introduce programs or services they would know how to put them to work effectively. Since the number of people that belong to a network is high, and most of all since it is voluntary, the collective measure they could take could have uniformity where governmental bodies will not have to deal with a single outlook, where such outlook might not be refined. A distinction between availing a service online that could introduce efficiency, cost reduction, time-saving, and convenience and when there is a program setup to generate feedback about a certain service the governments render was made. The latter had been found as useful simply because it could be a stimulant to introducing improvement on what the involved governments seeking the feedback could be availing to the citizens. Hence, based on the feedback it is possible to take measures, and this would mean such interaction could be labeled as an indirect participation in the government decision making process, where there is no direct voting involved. It might also be important to mention why paying attention to this issue is important simply because the use of the Internet is becoming widespread. The number of people who have Internet connection from their work place, at home, and numerous outlets established by various source is on the rise everywhere, hence more presence on such a medium is to the advantage of everyone simply because good outcome could be attained by having a well organized interaction and participation. It does not matter whether the government is availing most of its services online, or it is gathering feedback about what it is doing and what the citizens wants, or in some cases the decision making process could involve citizens directly by asking them to vote and the measures taken would be based on the vote. Overall, what the priority should be is to become familiar with the citizens’ need and try to accommodate it according to what the social changes require it. This would mean on the part of the government an effort to put to good use of whatever technological advancement comes to the fore. When that is the case the government would be in a position to avail efficient service to the citizens and eventually some kind of e-democracy could become practical. Similar to what Layne and Lee (2001, 122-135) did Kim had introduced four models of e-government and had concluded by saying the main drive of the change is not the advancement of technology. In fact, according to his observation what is responsible for the change is the diversity and evolution of society that resulted in making society, culture, and politics the main surges behind the change. The exception being that if new technologies such as the Internet did not come around, it will be difficult to say that evolvement could make it where it is now, although it is possible to attain the diversity without the new technologies. The four models of e-governments according to Kim are Bureaucracy Model, Information Management Model, Citizen Participation Model, and Governance Model.

NEBOSH International Diploma Essay

I INTRODUCTION Nalanda Associates is committed to achieving Health, Safety, and Security and Environmental management for all its activities as an integral part of our business. The purpose of Nalanda Associates HSSE Management System (HSSE-MS) is to provide the framework and structure for the delivery of the highest level of HSSE Performance in accordance with best industry practice. I.1 Aim Individual Health, Safety, Security and Environment systems, management tools and techniques have evolved over years. They just needed to be integrated into the business in a structured manner. In order to manage HSSE effectively, we need a sound management system to provide managers with the assurance that they are discharging their responsibilities effectively and as a basis for continuous HSSE performance improvement. The Nalanda Associates HSSE Management System has been developed to meet these needs; it provides a set of arrangements to ensure that we control our HSSE risks in a practical, effective and efficient manner. It builds on experience gained in the application of earlier systems and arrangements and also draws on external developments such as Quality Management standards (ISO 9000), Health and Safety Management (HS(G)65),Environmental Management (ISO 14000) and HSSE Management (E&P Forum). The aim of the HSSE Management System is to provide an assurance to all of us at Nalanda Associates, as well as regulators, partners, licensing authorities and insurers that we are able to comply with Company Policy and Legislation through a process of self-regulation and control. The emphasis is placed on an approach which is both objective setting (establishing what to do and then doing it) as well as proactive (taking action before and not after the event). Plan → Do →Check → Act The focus is on a systems model approach as applied in quality and other business Management systems. This self-regulatory approach is risk based, not at any cost, but on the premise that necessary and cost effective measures applied, should reduce risk to a level that is As Low As Reasonably  Practicable (ALARP*). The management system combines Health, Safety, Security and Environment, and is based on the following key points: †¢ Prominence being given by both industry and the regulators world-wide to the need for self regulation based on internal control; †¢ Managers setting their own objectives, monitoring their achievement and demonstrating that the organisation is self regulating – thus minimising external regulatory burdens; †¢ Synergy to be obtained from managing HSSE together; †¢ Need for sustained effort to improve HSSE performance; †¢ Integration of HSSE into our businesses for efficient use of management resources. * ALARP – a point at which the cost of further risk reduction is grossly dis-proportionate to the benefit gained. It is to be recognized that Nalanda Associates is going through a phase of continuous growth. Hence, the HSSE-MS will need to continually evolve to respond to changing needs of business environment. HSSE Management System cuts across the functional boundaries of different departments/installations/facilities in Nalanda Associates and is a system to manage HSSE in an Integrated and co-ordinated way. I.2 Objective Management Demonstrate Leadership and commitment at all levels of management chain †¢ Establishing performance contracts & key performance indicators related to HSSE deliverables across all levels in the organisation for successful delivery of HSSE Targets & plans for the year †¢ To develop and implement strategies to improve Contractors’ HSSE performance through visible leadership and increased facilitation to contract partners. Environment Reduce levels of environmentally harmful emissions, discharge and waste operations and activities. †¢ Develop & implement targets to reduce GHG emission †¢ To apply best practices for minimising emissions in new projects Safety Ensure ‘zero injury’ operation †¢ To ensure that staff and contractors managing their activities understand & implement Life Savers & associated standards & procedures. †¢ Focus on safety during execution of new projects †¢ Ensure lessons learnt are implemented Health – Zero Occupational Illness †¢ Improve upon current Health Assurance Framework (HAF) score of 85% to 100% Security – Zero Security Incident †¢ Review and effectively monitor security risks and implementation of associated control Measures I.3 Methodology Used for this report This includes observation 1. When ,where, with whom PU foam factory †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. Consultation with whom 3. Inspection when,where,how 4. Document verification which documents you verified.

The Comparison of Poll Tax Country” to Black Like Me

â€Å"The Comparison of Poll Tax Country† to Black like Me John Griffin was a normal white man living an average life. He like many other whites knew that people of color were discriminated against, but he never really knew how much the color of one’s skin made a difference in the way people act. If Griffin had seen â€Å"poll tax country† he would have seen racism in a new light. Griffin’s experiment was to go down south as a colored man to learn the truth of how life was a black man. By look at the painting â€Å"Poll Tax Country,† one can see who had the power in early-1900s Southern society.After slavery blacks were still discriminated against and had to travel miles just to find a bathroom for blacks. â€Å"Poll Tax Country† shows a new perspective on how blacks were treated as people and how was each others back was the only thing that kept them going. In â€Å"Poll Tax Country,† a detail that stood out was the columns that held up the roof of the platform. One of the columns matches those of the Supreme Court and the White House. The different columns symbolize different branches and groups of people that came together to makes laws to keep blacks in debt in certain areas.The column have historical significance: columns have been used since the times of the ancient Egyptians and Romans. Both civilizations had slaves to build monuments that would withstand the test of time. Similarly, the people who built the New World were indentured servants who came to the New World with the hope of starting a new life. Slaves have played a big role in society as far back as the ancient Egyptians, building towns and monuments that still stand today. The columns connect to slavery – without slaves, many of today’s wonders might not exist.Slavery is a dark time in every society’s history. However, slaves had a major contribution to the forming of nations. The first slaves of this nation came with the s ettlers that came from England. As time when on, Africans were packed on ships and brought here to be sold into slavery. Many whites like John Griffin, knew about slavery and heard many stories about it. However, in the 1940’s they never understood the extent of racism down south. When John Griffin went down south as a black man the way he was treated was very different from how he was treated as a white man.As a white man masked in black he was able to see how black people really interacted with each other. Also, he was able to see how whites really saw blacks and how they interacted with them. As one white hunter who gave Griffin a ride in Alabama said, â€Å"I’ll tell you how it is here. We’ll do business with you people. We’ll sure as hell screw your women. Other than that, you’re just completely off the record as far as we’re concerned. †(Griffin111). Griffin described this man as an ordinary, respectable family man. It is only t o black people that he revealed his ugly, racist sickness.Sadly, his words reflect the attitude of many white racists in the South. What John Griffin learned that day was very important because although slaves did the work, they are not glorified in textbooks and were mostly forgotten. John Griffin talked about how an educated black that could afford to vote, answered many questions that many people would not know how to answer; he did not get to vote because the government work would give him a poll test he could not pass. The court system was not always fair and laws were made to keep African Americans from voting so whites could keep control.In â€Å"poll tax country,† in the middle of the gazebo among all the different people is a priest. A man of god that should fair to all people is on the side of the men trying to keep you down. They had no god or person to turn to in their darkest hour African American were being squeezing down on to feel pressured. As slaves, they ca nnot not trust outsiders; they had to live in packs and work back to back. In the picture the works were almost on top of each working an area that could be manned by two to three people at the max. doesn’t make sense. This was a gang – they worked together and protected each other to survive.John Griffin saw many things in his experiment that put things into perspective. As a black man he was degraded by whites who felt that they were superior to him. Society strived to keep African Americans controlled so whites would remain dominant. Down south that made it hard for blacks to vote, get good jobs, or even use public bathroom. The whites that cashed their cash always seemed to need more that what was on the check. Doesn’t make sense the poor working black was always in debt. Griffin brought up a story about a well educated black man who wanted to vote but was never able o because the official gave him a test that was unfair and they both knew that he would not pass it. â€Å"I can read the headline†¦ It says this one negro in Mississippi who’s not going to get to vote this year. † (Griffin, 81). In this joke by P. D. East about the voting rights for blacks in the South, a black man who wants to vote is given a newspaper in Chinese in order to test his literacy. East tells the joke to shine a light on the problem facing blacks being prohibited from voting in the South. By preventing blacks from voting, whites removed their voice in matters.This way the law stayed on the side of the whites, and blacks never had a chance to make changes. In the painting, a congressman stands in front preaching to the people and filling their heads with empty words. However, shadowing the congress man is a KKK member that looks as if he is in control of what the congressman says. The audience has stopped listening to the words they have heard many times before. They have lost hope in their government that represents only the white people, k nowing that the people who lynch them are the same ones who hold public offices.Many have lost hope in seeing the change that they were promised, still working like slaves 90 years after the Civil War. John Griffin had never known how blacks felt about politicians because he had never faced laws that made it harder to get by everyday as a white man. To him the government was a government by the people for the people, but in fact government was mostly run by white, racists and even members of the KKK. Being black showed Griffin the double standards of this government of, for, and by the people.As a white man he could go to white facilities or black facilities if he chose, and he could enter, do, and say as he pleases. However, as a black man he could only go to black facilities and he had to respect whites. A white man when into a black facility on day and put up a file stating that any black man willing to bring young black female to them will get paid. The fact that white men had t he power to do such things is degrading both to a man as well as to the entire African- race. While whites were promoting pimping and prostitution, the government was simply looking the other way.However, the government imposed a steep fine on hunting alligators. The fact that a poor sawmill worker who lived on the swamp with his wife and six children could not hunt the alligators endangered his family every day: â€Å"I’ll tell you—if we don’t have meat to cook with the beans, why she just goes ahead and cooks the beans anyhow. † (Griffin111). When Griffin traveled through the rural swamp country in Alabama, he met a poor black sawmill worker who offered him a place to stay on the floor of his shack. Griffin is touched by the man’s generosity.The man and his wife are thankful for what they have. If there is no meat to cook, the man notes, his wife doesn’t complain; she just serves beans. Realistically, the man has enough meat around his hom e to feed his family for many years to come. However, because governments know that most blacks would benefit from alligator meat, they impose fines that whites could afford to pay off but not blacks. That night John Griffin thought of his kids and how they were living right now, and how if he and his family were not white they too might be reduced to this squalid standard of living.Griffin had been black for a couple of weeks and was sick to his stomach from his experience he couldn’t handle it anymore. Blacks had to handle much abuse from whites that want to keep controlling them on a daily basis but yet they stood strong to the end. â€Å"Black like me† and â€Å"Poll Tax Country† share many ideas of what racism was really like down south. John Griffins experiment showed how a normal, kind-looking family man could become so cruel to another human due to the color of the skin. He showed how the government squeezed down on anyone that was not white by any means available.Blacks could not turn for help from the government, or the even the men of god. They were made into second class citizens that had little to no rights and every apportioned was give to white society. Courts were run by whites who were prejudice, the government was filled with racists and the rest was manipulated by the very men that felt they were the only one’s fit to roam the lands. Blacks were being degraded to keep their hopes down and to control them. Keeping control by making them second class citizens and in debt there whole life makes them less likely to rebel because they would feel less likely to win.