Nature vs. Nurture Essay

Homosexuality, Addictions and Intelligence There have always been disputes on whether the decision to be homosexual or heterosexual was based on biological or environmental factors. These disputes are known as the Nature vs. Nurture argument. The two sides argue over how gender is chosen within a person. Based on reproductive organs, sex is easily determined at birth: male or female. Gender, however; is the sexual identity an individual takes on. It is possible for sex and gender to be different. For an example of nurture children who were both born with an injured or damaged reproductive organ, males usually can be raised successfully as females. In order to understand which factor is the deciding factor of a person’s gender, both sides of the case must be fully evaluated. DNA studies which appear to prove that gender is a genetic trait. Researchers have analyzed the makeup of the human brain of homosexuals and heterosexuals seeking a connection between gender and the brains physiology. They found when studying the part of the brain directly related to a persons’ sexual drive, that homosexuals had an enlarged hypothalamus, whereas heterosexuals had a normal one indicating a direct correlation between the brain and gender selections (AllPsych). In researching DNA’s role in gender identity, some scientist have identified the gene that determines a person’s sexual preference. Although there are mounting evidence of the existence of a â€Å"gay gene, â€Å"the opposition denies the existence (AllPsych). People in support of the Nurture argument claim that is an individual conscious or subconscious decision as to his or her gender identify. While many claim that people may control their sexual orientation, their brain, and not the other way around are actually controlling them. A person DNA and brain physiology control sexual preference which may be associated in the amygdale of the limbic system (Pscyhsmart). When scientist castrated the rats, stopping the creation of androgen, the male rats became submissive. When the androgen was given to the female rats, they began to display masculine behaviors. This experiment resulted in the male rat being submissive and allowing the female rat to  mount the male, unlike the normal male rat that would mount the female when engaging in reproduction ( Lippa 102). Similar to humans, if male do not have proper balance of hormones with his body, he may show feminine traits. These hormones are a biological aspect of gender that affects the decision to be homosexual or heterosexual. On the other hand, for the purpose of this discussion, addiction can take many forms, including not only substance use disorders, but also pathologic gambling, bulimia, and a host of other disorders. Dependency, abuse, and addiction are used relatively interchangeably; however, there is ongoing debate within the field regarding the best terminology. Furthermore, differences in how these phenotypes are surrounded can have an impact on the results of gene discovery efforts. Genetic loci that have been consistently associated with various forms of substance addiction, as well as those that demonstrate relevance to pharmacologic treatment. While the nature vs. nurture debate has raged, is the contribution of interactions between genetics and environment. In reality, â€Å"gene expression is environment dependent† and it impossible to obtain pure estimates of genetic vs. environmental contribution – one could not exist without the other. The environment a child experiences is partly a consequence of the child’s genes as well as external factors. To some extent a person seeks out and creates his or her environment. If she is of a mechanical bent she practices mechanical skills; if a bookworm, she seeks out books. Thus genes may create an appetite rather than an aptitude. Remember that the high heritability of short-sightedness is accounted for not just by the heritability of a gene for short sightedness but by the heritability of literate habits. Conversely, on the discussion of intelligence, there are three facts about the transmission of intelligence that virtually everyone seems to accept: 1. Both heredity and environment contribute to intelligence. 2. Heredity and environment interact in various ways. 3. Extremely poor as well as highly enriched environments can interfere with the realization of a person’s intelligence, regardless of the person’s heredity (Sternberg & Grigorenko, 1997, p.xi). Intelligence that appears to relate to ability to reason abstractly, to learn and to adapt. In closing, homosexuality, addictions and intelligence have reliable  statistical relationships with important social phenomena, but they are a limited tool for deciding what to make of any given individual. As stated by Ridley, â€Å"Mother Nature has plainly not entrusted our genetic capacities to the blind fate of a gene or genes; she gave us parents, learning, language, culture and education to program ourselves with.† WORKS CITED: Johnson, Ryan D. AllPsych (2005). â€Å"Homosexuality: Nature or Nurture†. Ridley, M. (1999). Genome: The autobiography of a species in 23 chapters. London: Fourth Estate Ltd. Sternberg, R. J., & Grigorenko, E. (Eds.) (1997). Intelligence, heredity, and environment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Final Exam Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Exam - Case Study Example refore, the proper focus on time can help him manage his business very well with regards to the sale of products and services (Turban, Volonino, Wood & Sipior, 2013). b) Growth: the business has been expanding and at times becoming hard for Ted to manage effectively. This is witnessed at the expressed desire by Ted to expand the bicycle repair work. He at one time had to close down the store due to overexpansion. Ensuring ted’s business growth without running into issues such as the overexpansion is significant and requires that Ted strategize his business not to over expand for proper management. c) Operational effectiveness:Ted has a lot to manage as currently he has to manage five stores. Ted has to manage everything from staff to ordering from his suppliers, and even works in one of the stores twice a week in order to save on costs. Therefore, if Ted can better manage his operations, it would help him in expanding his bicycle repairs and get his business to grow (Turban et al., 2013). a) Weather: Ted to has open his business when there is favorable weather to ride any bicycle. During the rainy periods, he has to close down and open during the weekends and during the sunny days he has to open because the weather is favorable. Ted needs information on weather because cycling is deeply affected by weather conditions. b) Advertisement: Ted needs to advertize his business well in order to boost his sales. This is a good strategy as it will enhance his competitiveness with other firms producing similar products and in turn win his clients. He should have information on the best advertisement channel that will reach his targeted market on time without any delays (Turban et al., 2013). The advertising agency should also suit his goods and be cost effective according to his ability. c) Sales: this is basically a vital information Ted has to be updated on. The quantity of sales he should make within a given period of time should be dependent on the demand and

Gender and Work Roles in Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender and Work Roles in Society - Essay Example Mom and Dad have changed. Moms today are many things to many people. Mothers have always been the ones that are responsible for making decisions related to the children and the home. Now fathers are accepting some of that role and Mom at the same time is accepting and appreciating some of the outside role of work. The changing role of Mom today includes career, home care, education of the children, healthy living for the family, as well as the expectation that she will remain healthy by caring for herself. Fathers have learned to do the things that were only for women to do as well as juggle family and home. It is not unusual today to see a Dad going down the street with a backpack full of baby downtown. Mom may be at work or she may just be out with the girls. What a change. Researchers have noted two particular trends in this generation of young workers. Young women are looking for more responsibility in their jobs, not less. That is the opposite of what was true in the 90's as women chose to have less responsibility in their jobs. The second is that young women do not see motherhood as a deterrent to having a career. Today women with children and women without children view their careers in the same way. (Milkie, 2007). Young working men are spending more time with their children on work days than ever before, as well as sharing household duties. Milkie, (2007) informs us that according to the results of her study, women, though still having some difficulty negotiating family demands and work are in general feeling a sense of success in that balancing act. Their imbalance comes from marital unhappiness in the fact that they feel they have no time to share with their spouse and time is missing when their children are young. Men on the other hand feel that their time is unbalanced by what they perceive as unfairness in sharing housework, and the tradeoffs they have to have at work to be able to be home for family. In all of the studies reviewed, both genders report better role balance when they have a greater amount of time for their children. Women feel that the balance is greater when they are paid better and less financial strain and when they have to work fewer weekends. Workforce Research The past 35 years have been greatly affected by the change in the workforce and family. In today's families over 64% of married couples with children under 18 and 58% of married couples with preschool children are dual earner families (Corwyn & Bradley, 2005). Research shows that as this process has progressed the gender role lines have become very grey and men and women are learning to share roles quite well. It consistently gets better. Survey in the 1990's versus those now have changed drastically in the way women and men juggle their responsibilities. Children surveys show that more and more often there is an expectation that both parents will work and that there will be times when only one parent is home. Most of the research now shows that men and women report that they have mush more in the way of gains from the changes in lifestyles than in losses. They feel that there is more money, a positive

Do Legislators represent their constituencies economic perspectives Term Paper

Do Legislators represent their constituencies economic perspectives - Term Paper Example One of the aspects that are of our concern is the bailout that tried to stabilize the economy after it crashed in the last decade. The proposal allowed the transfer of $700 billion to the Department of Treasury to purchase declining property that financial firms lost their money on. This paper will also focus on whether or not legislators equally represent their low-income constituents as much as they represent their high-income constituents. As much as it would be believable that representation is equal among everyone, there are many reasons why this is not the case. Because of the inequality of wealth in America, the poor become very poor and the rich become very rich. Likewise, when congressional representatives run for election the price is very high and they need support to be elected. This support is more likely to come from people who have enough money compared to the poor and middle class people who are concerned about their own needs. Both of these aspects will help uncover and answer the burning question regarding our legislators. Pertaining to the Trouble Asset Relief Program (TARP), better known as the bailout, the infusion of money was supposed to prevent large banks from going under and losing everything. It started in 2007 when many banks had loaned out mortgages to people who defaulted, or could not pay back. Soon losses were obvious and many knew of the situation but tried to cover up the problem. This made many banks insolvent in the period between late 2007 and 2008. The TARP was written to prevent a complete economic collapse caused by side effects of banks bankrupting. However, from the point of view of legislators, this helped the rich bankers who lost a lot on their poor investment choices leaving out the poor people that had been affected. Both conservatives and liberals did not appreciate the bill. For conservatives, the bill went against their belief in free market. For liberals, the bill benefited wealthy people

Human Growth Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Growth Development - Essay Example During the time when the sexual misconduct allegations sprouted, particularly the Monica Lewinsky scandal, Bill Clinton still managed to have a smoothly functioning society – but not necessarily a good one (Stage Five: Social Contract and Individual Rights). Although he admitted having extramarital relations with Monica Lewinsky and Gennifer Flowers, he was able to get an acquittal from the US Senate and served his complete office term. Towards the end of his last term of Presidency, Bill Clinton even managed to achieve the highest end-of-office approval rating of any US President since World War II. In this regard, the people of the United States view Clinton’s personal setback as less relevant as compared to his achievements as a working President. As emphasized by Kohlberg, â€Å"when conflict arises between individual needs and law or contract, though sympathetic to the former, the individual believes the latter must prevail because of its greater functional ration ality for society, the majority and welfare.†

Critical evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical evaluation - Essay Example ard for the general practitioners’ support are some of the innovative ways in which access of the people with learning disabilities to the healthcare can be improved. Nevertheless, these methods’ effectiveness in providing the people with learning disabilities with improved access to healthcare needs to be examined. One strength of the article is that both primary and secondary sources have been consulted to collect the data. Another strength of the article is that it proposes a range of innovative ways in which access of the people with learning disabilities to healthcare can be improved. Yet another strength of the article is that facts and examples are supported by credible sources and references that add to the credibility of the points. One weakness of the article is that the authors were not able to study the literature covering every aspect of their model, though the authors do acknowledge this fact

'Better leadership is too often proposed as a panacea for Essay

'Better leadership is too often proposed as a panacea for organisational problems which have other orgins'. Critically argue for or against this propostion with examples - Essay Example fined as the process by which an individual has influence over others to motivate them in attaining the goals that will help the organisation to move in a right direction. I agree with the notion that better leadership is too often proposed as a panacea of organisational problems which have other origins as people who have good and effective leadership skills can address all problems in a highly efficient manner. In every organisation, there are various problems and all of them can be resolved when their root causes are identified and remedial steps are taken to eradicate the foundation of the issues as it will ensure that organisational productivity is enhanced (Hays, 2008). In my opinion, better leadership is the solution for various organisational issues such as job dissatisfaction as there can be a gap between the job requirements and the jobholder’s personal attributes; with the help of an influencing leader, the jobholder can be motivated to deliver a good performance. However, it can be argued that a person’s job should be redesigned so that he/she is willing to make a productive contribution in the organisation’s required level of performances (Yukle, 2006). According to Bass and Bass (2008) and Howard and Wellins (2008), although leaders can motivate the employees to increase their efforts but if there is a conflict between the job requirements and employee’s skill level then the root cause should be eliminated. Wheelen and Hunger (2005) argue that leadership can temporarily resolve the problem but in the long-term it can hamper the performance of employees which can create ineffectiveness in the organisation. In my opinion, better leadership can definitely influence the employees to enhance their productivity which can improve their contribution level for organisation’s improved performance. It has been rightly stated by Mayo and Nohria (2005) that better leadership will provide more chances for resolving the organisational issues that have